Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of teeth to erupt in your mouth, typically between the ages of 17 and 25. While some people’s wisdom teeth emerge without issue, many experience complications that require extraction. But why is this procedure so common? Let’s break it down.
Why Do Wisdom Teeth Need to Be Extracted?
Wisdom teeth often don’t have enough space to grow properly, leading to problems such as:
- Impaction: Wisdom teeth can become trapped under the gum or in the jawbone, causing pain and swelling.
- Crowding: As they push through, wisdom teeth can shift other teeth out of alignment, potentially undoing the results of orthodontic treatment like braces.
- Decay and Gum Disease: Because wisdom teeth are located at the back of the mouth, they are harder to clean and more prone to cavities and infections.
- Cysts or Tumours: In rare cases, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to cysts or tumours, which may damage the surrounding jawbone and teeth.
How Are Wisdom Teeth Extracted?
The extraction process depends on whether the wisdom teeth have fully erupted:
- Simple Extraction: If the teeth have emerged, the dentist will numb the area, loosen the tooth, and remove it with forceps.
- Surgical Extraction: For impacted teeth, a small incision is made in the gum, and the tooth may be broken into smaller pieces for easier removal. This is typically done by an oral surgeon.
Who Needs Wisdom Teeth Extraction?
Not everyone will need their wisdom teeth removed. An orthodontist or oral surgeon will evaluate your situation based on X-rays, oral health, and symptoms. You may need extraction if:
- Your wisdom teeth are causing pain or swelling.
- There is evidence of impaction or infection.
- Your teeth are crowding or shifting.
- Your orthodontist recommends removal to prevent relapse after braces.
What Happens If Wisdom Teeth Are Not Removed?
Failing to remove problematic wisdom teeth can lead to serious issues over time, such as:
- Teeth Relapse: Wisdom teeth can push other teeth out of alignment, reversing the results of orthodontic treatment.
- Chronic Infections: Impacted teeth can cause recurrent infections, leading to gum disease and damage to nearby teeth.
- Tooth Decay: Due to their location, wisdom teeth are harder to clean and more likely to develop cavities.
- Jaw Damage: Cysts around impacted wisdom teeth can damage the jawbone and neighbouring teeth if left untreated.
Prevention Is Key
If you’re experiencing symptoms like pain, swelling, or difficulty cleaning your wisdom teeth, it’s essential to seek professional advice. Early evaluation and removal can prevent long-term complications and keep your smile healthy.
Panoramic X-Ray
Including a panoramic X-ray is vital for assessing the position of your wisdom teeth and planning the extraction procedure. Below is an example of what a panoramic X-ray might look like, highlighting impacted wisdom teeth.

Ready to Take Action?
If you’re concerned about your wisdom teeth, the team at PretoriaSmile Orthodontics is here to help. Contact us today for a consultation and take the first step toward a healthier, pain-free smile.